We employ the Half Shade Principal for detecting the extinction point.The stationery 4” (100mm) acrylic circular scale (graduated for 0 to 360˚) is read from the front by means of a magnifying lens and a vernier , which rotate with the analyser and are controlled by means of circular knob located at the right side of eye piece. A borosilicate glass tube of 200mm long is enclosed in a circular aluminum tube with top door for access and exclusion of external light .